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Insurance and inherent tax advantages shifted payment from people's pocket to insurance. People quit looking at procedure price. They also don't consider price of insurance because they never see it.
If you factor out the human element and just look at healthcare as an economic model, IF there was no insurance... i.e. no huge pile of "never ending money" to pay for health care, some say that something like an appendectomy would cost $1500 and not $5000. The free market would bring costs way down.
Of course we would probably not have any of the lifesaving machinery like CAT/MRI devices. No one would spend the money to develop them because the hospitals would not buy them because it would take too long to break-even on the purchase without being able to bill insurance for $1500 a pop for a scan. Same goes with pharma.
From a political model, it seems to me that eventually we will go to a single-payor system... as only the governments (state/federal) have the ability to collect (or print) the pile of money needed to feed the healthcare beast... or they are the only entities that could control costs and thus the premiums (extra taxes) to pay those costs.
I could see a dual platform such as the UK has, but I don't see any plan that involves ONLY the profit interests of the private sector as being sustainable.
The first steps are being taken with the the idea of letting Medicare negotiate the price they will pay for pharma or perhaps a specific formulary.
The new administration has the best chance in a decade to change the direction of health care delivery and costs. If they can resist the campaign cash from the medical and insurance sectors, maybe we can get something that is sustainable. Otherwise we are going to get screwed again, like we were with ACA.
Time will tell.