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By
The Editorial Board
March 18, 2018 6:30 p.m. ET
98 COMMENTS
The Obama Administration sold its fiduciary rule to the public as protecting retirees. This was never true, but now we learn it also was illegal, as the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals explained last week in a tart decision striking down the rule.
The Dodd-Frank Act directs the Securities and Exchange Commission to promulgate standards of conduct for broker-dealers and investment advisers who render “personalized investment advice about securities to a retail customer.” The law also prohibits the SEC from banning commissions.
The Labor Department under Tom Perez usurped the SEC and wrote a rule that ignored that prohibition. Mr. Perez essentially rewrote the 1974 Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Erisa), which regulates employer- and union-sponsored plans differently from individual retirement accounts. For instance, individuals are allowed to sue fiduciaries of employer and union plans for charging a commission. Labor applied the more rigorous protections for employer and union plans to IRAs.
Mr. Perez also extended Erisa’s definition of “investment advice fiduciaries,” who provide advice “on a regular basis,” to broker-dealers and financial-insurance agents who merely sell a product. “Transforming sales pitches into the recommendations of a trusted adviser mixes apples and oranges,” Judge Edith Jones wrote for the 2-1 majority.
This created a Catch-22. “Thousands of brokers and insurance agents who deal with IRA investors must either forgo commission based transactions and move to fees for account management or accept the burdensome regulations and heightened lawsuit exposure required by the [best interest contract exemption] contract provisions,” Judge Jones explained.
The effect is to raise costs for small savers, many of whom will have to turn to robo-advice. Several firms including MetLife , AIG and Merrill Lynch have already withdrawn from segments of the brokerage and retirement market.
The Trump Labor Department has said it won’t enforce the rule and is working with the SEC on a new one that applies to all brokerage firms and investment advisers. The Fifth Circuit ruling will make this task easier. This is good news for retirement investors and the rule of law.
At the Securities Industry and Financial Markets compliance and legal seminar in Orlando, Fla. on Monday, Mr. Clayton said that the SEC is forging ahead despite the doubt now surrounding the DOL rule's fate. The SEC rule is expected as early as this summer.
In a recent analysis, the law firm Gibson Dunn, which was the legal counsel for the plaintiffs in the DOL lawsuit, said that it kills the rule nationally. But in its own report, The Wagner Law Group said that the court ruling takes the DOL regulation off the books only in the southern U.S. states covered by the 5th Circuit.
SEC's proposal
The other unknown is what the SEC will come up with for its own proposal. Mr. Clayton reiterated that his goals include articulating a standard of care for broker-dealers, who currently must adhere to suitability requirements; clarifying the current investment-adviser fiduciary standard, which requires them to act in the best interests of their clients, and delineating the differences between the two kinds of financial professionals.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has struck down the Department of Labor’s fiduciary rule, agreeing with the plaintiffs that the department overstepped its statutory boundaries, according to documents filed Thursday.